Harmonization of data for the inventory of air pollutants and greenhouse gases in the energy sector.
Emissions from the energy sector are estimated and reported in both inventories – greenhouse gases and pollutants. Although these are separate calculation models, the harmonization of input and output data is at a high level.
The energy industry is a significant source of air pollution in the Slovak Republic. Emissions from electricity and steam production (power plants and central heating sources), oil refining, and the production of solid fuels (coke) are accounted for in the energy sector. The Air pollutant inventory is prepared using the methodology described in the EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook 2023.
The greenhouse gas emissions inventory in the energy sector is estimated based on the methodology outlined in the IPCC methodological guides from 2006 and the 2019 IPCC Refinement. Within the methodology, emissions are estimated using two approaches – the reference approach and the sectoral approach. The energy balance methodology using the reference approach, also known as the top-down approach, is based on simple balance calculations derived from energy statistics that are prepared and published annually by the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. The balance takes into account the extraction, production, import, export, and stocks of the given commodity.
In contrast, the sectoral approach is referred to as the bottom-up approach and is based on data directly from the operations with a more detailed breakdown. The modeling of emissions projections in the energy sector was based on sectoral trends and developments from the CPS model – Slovakia.